![\"00_\u30c9\u30fc\u30d3\u30fc\u30fb\u30ac\u30fc\u30c8_DSCN6648_\u6b6a\u307f\u4fee\u6b63\"](\"https:\/\/shomei-tanteidan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/794990d7331f108dbcf17bcdb8ff98c4-1024x768.jpg\")
\nDhobi Ghat is an outdoor laundry with more than 100 years of history. It is used as a laundry in the daytime, though people lived there and felt a sense of life in the nighttime. The contrast with the skyscraper in the background is very Indian.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n![\"03_\u30c1\u30e3\u30c8\u30e9\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u30fb\u30b7\u30f4\u30a1\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u30fb\u30bf\u30fc\u30df\u30ca\u30b9\u99c5_DSCN6585\"](\"https:\/\/shomei-tanteidan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/af596f83e3eb8956be149796c48aaf2d-768x1024.jpg\")
\nThe building in front of the station. Building was carefully lit up with orange color.
\n![\"04_\u30c1\u30e3\u30c8\u30e9\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u30fb\u30b7\u30f4\u30a1\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u30fb\u30bf\u30fc\u30df\u30ca\u30b9\u99c5_DSCN6596\"](\"https:\/\/shomei-tanteidan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/89809800245d798802ce33ebade54f9f-1024x768.jpg\")
\nMounting details. The hood was installed in the fixture in order to avoid glare when seen from the front\n<\/p>\n<\/div>\n
Arriving at Mumbai hotel after the sunset, from the taxi on the way to the hotel, I only saw street lights that lit the street, and the city that was on the background looked dark and sunken. We expected that it was developed like China where a number of buildings lit up, but there was no building that was illuminated. The situation didn\u2019t change even in the city, with only seeing street light illuminating the building a little. Entering the central part of the city, the horning sound is flying constantly. As the taxi moving slowly, we saw many people doing something on the street and created strange atmosphere. It\u2019s was not like attracting and energetic lighting that gives atmosphere of Southern East Asia, but it was impressive to see many people doing something relying on only dimming street light. We saw few changes from last research, and it seemed Mumbai had not been developed much. <\/p>\n
\u25a0Lighting for Landmark
\n There are a few buildings that exist as landmarks in Mumbai. India Gate which was built to celebrate the visit of Kind of England in 1911. In front of that, there is world leading Taj Mahal Hotel. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus which was registered for world heritage in 2004. We researched Hajj Ali Mausoleum, the holy ground for Muslims.
\n Only lights we could see there were street lights, and there were only few illuminated building that gave solitary impression with window pane shining through. Buildings as landmarks were illuminated and characterized the town of night. LED was used for India Gate with orange color, and color lighting with motion was used for the station. In front of the station, there was a building that reminded colonial period, and the lighting was carefully designed with hood to cut the glare.
\n Hajj Ali Mausoleum floating on the sea used flood lighting of mercury lamp for illumination. It was not so impressive, but the road approaching the shrine that is in the sea was lit up with sodium that performed as a focal point with the different color temperature. We thought the dark sunken sea in the background and rarely bright night view of the city were also important elements. We can see the sunset in the evening, and the scenery gradually changing to night is very beautiful.<\/p>\n
![\"02_\u30c1\u30e3\u30c8\u30e9\u30d1\u30c6\u30a3\u30fb\u30b7\u30f4\u30a1\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u30fb\u30bf\u30fc\u30df\u30ca\u30b9\u99c5_DSC_4296\"](\"https:\/\/shomei-tanteidan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/c78d183ad0005bb6f731e0e4668ca1bb-1024x576.jpg\")
\nChhatrapati Shivaji Terminus was built in 1887 and registered for world heritage in 2004. Its appearance in the daytime is very massive and designed in detail, but it looks like theme park using color lighting in the nighttime.\n<\/div>\n
![\"01_\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u9580_DSCN6544\"](\"https:\/\/shomei-tanteidan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/02f99ea530615e981e6ad6e26c246a19-1024x576.jpg\")
\nOrange colored flood light evenly illuminated the India Gate. Inside the gate, there was a white spot light that illuminated the roof.\n<\/div>\n
\n
![\"05_\u30cf\u30c3\u30b8\u30fb\u30a2\u30ea\u30fc\u5edf_DSCN6527\"](\"https:\/\/shomei-tanteidan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/f073353186007f30b186bd0d0b286e63-1024x768.jpg\")
\nApproach of Hajj Ali Mausoleum. Approach was lit with sodium lamp, and Mausoleum was lit with mercury lamp.\n<\/div>\n
![\"06_\u30cf\u30c3\u30b8\u30fb\u30a2\u30ea\u30fc\u5edf_DSCN6516\"](\"https:\/\/shomei-tanteidan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/a8437071ab03f2d30c975da32f3f0b04-1024x768.jpg\")
\nThe appearance of Hajj Ali Mausoleum. Many people gathered in the floating mausoleum even at night. It was lit up with the flood light of mercury lamp.\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u25a0City that doesn\u2019t have feeling of brightness
\nGulf road called Marine Drive is a resting place for many citizens in the evening. The stride length along the revetment is 13 cm, and there were people walking and enjoying beautiful sunsets, couples, and many kinds of people. On the 50m wide road, including sidewalk, there were pole lights (H=12m) set up in about every 40m. Lighting fixture used LED. There was no lighting on sidewalk. Because it\u2019s the main road, the lux level of roadway was about 25-70lux, and color temperature was about 4000K. It felt brighter than the other roadways around, which had 20-30lux. The lux level of sidewalk was about 5-15lux, and vertical illuminance level in the dark was less than 10lux, and we were only able to see person\u2019s face a little. Trees were planted in between sidewalk and roadway which was comfortable darkness for bright roadway.
\n Around Mumba Devi Temple, market put out a store on the roadway that is about 9m wide, and it was flourished. It seemed like pedestrian at first, but the traffic of cars and motorcycles were very intense, and car horns were echoing constantly. Pole light with sodium lamp is was set up in 7m pitch in staggered arrangement, and the lux level was about 10-30. Many stores did not have lighting, and they were operating only with the street lights. Some stores were too dark to see what they were selling. There were a few stores that used fluorescent lamps or light bulbs so that we could see the items that were sold.
\nStreet at Mumbai fundamentally has street lights only, and there aren\u2019t any signs or lightings. Stores are closed at night. There aren\u2019t any vertical illuminances, and we don\u2019t feel any brightness or bustling. Having people gathered is important, but we also felt that the lighting was significant for bustling at night.\uff08Mikine Yamamoto\uff09<\/p>\n
![\"08_\u30de\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3\u30fb\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30d6_DSCN6704\"](\"https:\/\/shomei-tanteidan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/f232fc8017f61c738509454f53fa2483-1024x768.jpg\")
\nSidewalk of Marine Drive. Sunsets and moonlight looked very beautiful.\n<\/div>\n
![\"10_\u30e0\u30f3\u30d0\u30c7\u30fc\u30f4\u30a3\u30fc\u5bfa\u9662\u5468\u8fba_DSCN6629\"](\"https:\/\/shomei-tanteidan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/a13e419638fe9df8d433bfe2ad98f0d9-1024x768.jpg\")
\nBazaar around Mumbai Devi Temple. People are putting out stores under street lights.\n<\/div>\n
![\"09_\u30e0\u30f3\u30d0\u30c7\u30fc\u30f4\u30a3\u30fc\u5bfa\u9662\u5468\u8fba_DSCN6606_\u6b6a\u307f\u4fee\u6b63\"](\"https:\/\/shomei-tanteidan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/46985d2cc3967b7023f7d9c1270bde51-1024x768.jpg\")
\nThere are only street lights, and we don\u2019t see signage or lightings in the store.\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u25a0Task light shines
\nIn Mumbai, lightings usually fulfill functions, but not to enjoy night views. There are only lightings for functional necessity just like turning on lights when it\u2019s dark.
\nStreet light seems to be time operating turning on at 6:30 pm. That time is when Mumbai sunsets. Then, it gradually starts getting dark. Road illuminance was about 10-30lux.
\nSame for indoors. With brilliant facade lighting, Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus platform is constructed with a large roof of 80m wide and 250m long. A large roof had a skylight that kept the brightness of the station using the daylight.
\nLighting was wide angled high power LED. Its height is about 8-9m to match with the beam. It is set up on grid in of 8m pitch from front to back and from side to side. The color temperature in platform at night was about 6300K, and the lux level was uniform with 200 lux Internally illuminated signage was easy to understand, though high color temperatures, bare metal frames and digital sings had an impersonal feel.<\/p>\n
![\"DSC_4277\"](\"https:\/\/shomei-tanteidan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/DSC_4277-1024x731.jpg\")
\nBright platform of Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus\n<\/div>\n
![\"171108_hit\"](\"https:\/\/shomei-tanteidan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/171108_hit-1024x731.jpg\")
\nPlatform structured with a large roof.\n<\/div>\n
\n
\u25a0Mumbai and Navi Mumbai
\nThe structure of Mumbai city was complicated. It was crowded with skyscrapers and low-rise buildings, and bright areas and dark areas were mixed. On the other hand, Navi Mumbai is a newly constructed planned city, and northern part of the city has many office buildings and factories, while southern part had public facilities including housings, parks and stadium. It is easy to understand the structure of this city because road\u2019s vertical and horizontal lines are very clear. Seeing from the night view\u2019s perspective, there weren\u2019t any vertical illuminance to highlight buildings. They were unable to express the city\u2019s characteristics and its atmosphere at night. In Mumbai, skyscrapers and landmarks are built continuously. However, once the night falls, it becomes shadow in the dark, and we felt it very wasteful, but at the same time, there are more places for improvement.\uff08Leon Hitsu\uff09<\/p>\n
Lighting Survey in Mumbai 2017\/10\/02-10\/07\u3000\u3000Mikine Yamamoto + Leon Hitsu\u3000 We researched the biggest economic city of India, Mumbai. It is located west coast of India, which was used to call Bombay. This is the second time we researched this…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":17354,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_locale":"en_US","_original_post":"17351","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,16,85],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-17353","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fieldwork","category-global-research","category-asia-global-research","en-US"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n![\"\u30d1\u30ce\u30e9\u30de\u30e0\u30f3\u30d0\u30a4\"](\"https:\/\/shomei-tanteidan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/7878f1ea23197326cf623686b111771d-1024x372.jpg\")
\nAt night in Mumbai. There isn\u2019t any lighting for fa\u00e7ade other than pole lighting.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"\u30d1\u30ce\u30e9\u30de\u30ca\u30df\u30e0\u30f3\u30d0\u30a4\"](\"https:\/\/shomei-tanteidan.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/761ce335116598a562bb26e10146e9f1-1024x348.jpg\")
\nAt night in Navi Mumbai. Mixed-used facility of shopping mall and a hotel with vertical line lighting can be seen from the distance.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"